Factors affecting the uptake of HIV testing among men: a mixed-methods study in rural burkina faso

Includes bibliographical references (page 13-15).Background This study aimed to explore factors shaping the decision to undergo Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing among men in rural Burkina Faso. Methods The study took place in 2009 in the Nouna Health District and adopted a triangulation mixed methods design. The quantitative component relied on data collected through a structured survey on a representative sample of 1130 households. The qualitative component relied on 38 in-depth interviews, with men purposely selected to represent variation in testing decision, age, and place of residence. A two-part model was conducted, with two distinct outcome variables, i.e. “being offered an HIV test” and “having done an HIV test”. The qualitative data analysis relied on inductive coding conducted by three independent analysts. Result Of the 937 men, 357 had been offered an HIV test and 97 had taken the test. Younger age, household wealth, living in a village under demographic surveillance, and knowing that HIV testing is available at primary health facilities were all positively associated with the probability of being offered an HIV test. Household wealth and literacy were found to be positively associated, and distance was found to be negatively associated with the probability of having taken an HIV test. Qualitative findings indicated that the limited uptake of HIV testing was linked to poor knowledge on service availability and to low risk perceptions. Conclusion With only 10% of the total sample ever having tested for HIV, our study confirmed that male HIV testing remains unacceptably low in Sub-Saharan Africa. This results from a combination of health system factors, indicating general barriers to access, and motivational factors, such as one’s own knowledge of service availability and risk perceptions. Our findings suggested that using antenatal care and curative services as the exclusive entry points into HIV testing may not be sufficient to reach large portions of the male population. Thus, additional strategies are urgently needed to increase service uptake.Manuela De AllegriIsabelle AgierJustin TiendrebeogoValerie Renée LouisMaurice YéOlaf MuellerMalabika SarkerPublishe

Une politique concernant les données issues d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles en santé mondiale

ArticleLa recherche interventionnelle en santé mondiale est souvent effectuée au moyen de partenariats scientifiques internationaux. Mais la réalisation de telles recherches, notamment dans les pays à faible revenu où les enjeux de pouvoir, d’argent et de relations interculturelles sont exacerbés, soulève de nombreux défis éthiques, notamment concernant la conduite responsable lors des recherches collaboratives. L’un d’eux est la conservation, l’accès, l’utilisation et la publication des données. Malgré l’existence de multiples politiques et documents phares sur l’éthique et la conduite responsable de la recherche, les chercheurs en recherche interventionnelle sont encore peu outillés pour faire face à ce défi. Dans le contexte d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles réalisées au Burkina Faso, les auteurs souhaitent partager leur expérience dans le développement d’une politique interne concernant leurs données. Après avoir évoqué le contexte global et particulier, l’article présente le processus de formulation et d’adoption de cette politique par les chercheurs d’une équipe interdisciplinaire et internationale (Allemagne, Burkina Faso, Canada, France). Les valeurs qui enchâssent cette politique interne sont la transparence, la prévention, le consensus autour du processus de production, le respect des principes internationaux, l’accès libre aux connaissances produites et la préoccupation pour leur diffusion et utilisation. La politique se présente en plusieurs parties : objet, types et statuts des chercheurs impliqués, conservation des données, accès et utilisation des données, production scientifique et paternité. Les principaux défis rencontrés par les chercheurs pour formuler cette politique sont analysés dans un souci de partage pour susciter un débat rarement abordé. La confiance, la transparence et le respect mutuel doivent être au cœur de tout partenariat scientifique en recherche interventionnelle.Interventional global health research is often carried out through international scientific partnerships. However, the conduct of such research, especially in low-income countries where issues of power, money and intercultural relations are exacerbated, raises many ethical challenges particularly related to responsible conduct in collaborative research. One of these challenges is the storage, access, use and publication of data. Despite the existence of multiple influential policies and documents on ethics and the responsible conduct of research, researchers in intervention research are still not equipped to deal with such challenges. In the context of an intervention research program conducted in Burkina Faso, the authors would like to share their experience in the development of an internal policy concerning their data. After presenting the global and the particular context, the paper presents the process of policy formulation and its adoption by the researchers of an interdisciplinary and international team (Burkina Faso, Canada, France, Germany). The values that entrench this internal policy are: transparency, prevention, consensus about the production process, respect for international principles, free access to the knowledge produced and concerns regarding its dissemination and use. The policy is presented in several parts: aim, types and status of the participating researchers, data storage, access and use of data, scientific production and authorship. The main challenges faced by researchers in formulating this policy are analyzed in a shared desire to spark a debate that is rarely addressed. Trust, transparency and mutual respect should be central to any scientific partnership in intervention research

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Les politiques des sciences. Séminaire alternatif

Michel Agier, Mathieu Arnoux, Alban Bensa, Alain Blum, Simona Cerutti, Francis Chateauraynaud, Robert Descimon, Nicolas Dodier, Jean-Claude Galey, Nancy L. Green, Christian Jouhaud, Christian Topalov, directeurs d’étudesIsabelle Backouche, Juliette Cadiot, Fanny Cosandey, Sophie Desrosiers, André Gunthert, Liora Israël, Cyril Lemieux, Mary Picone, Sylvain Piron, maîtres de conférencesIrène Bellier, directrice de recherche au CNRSMichel Barthélémy, Elie Haddad, Cédric Lomba, Birgit Müller, Sop..

Pédagogie d'expression ludocréative : postures d'enseignement et développement des compétences langagières des élèves allophones

This paper results from the observation of a class for allophone students in Geneva. The teacher of this class puts forward the pedagogy of ludocreative expression, which is the main subject of my research. Investigating the use of games and creativity in the classroom along with the role of the teacher the paper analyses in which ways the teacher manages to enhance the language skills of allophone students. Demonstrating how to implement this pedagogy and shedding light on the different stages to achieve its full enactment, this paper discusses the consequences of this pedagogy for both the teacher and student body. It includes fun activities shared between the students and the teacher as well as workshops to foster both collective and individual expression. Before starting, the students share ideas in smaller groups to reach their full potential creatively. The workshops are about art, scenography, music, physical expression or culture for instance. The students' productions become the learning materials that the teacher uses for the class as a whole.Ce mémoire résulte de l’observation d’une classe d’accueil d’élèves allophones à Genève, dans laquelle l’enseignante pratique la pédagogie d’expression ludocréative. À la lumière des recherches concernant l’usage du jeu en classe, la créativité et les apprentissages, puis l’agir professoral, il propose une analyse des différentes postures adoptées par l’enseignante, permettant de développer les compétences langagières des élèves allophones. À travers l’exposition précise des étapes de la mise en œuvre de cette pédagogie, il retrace ce que cela implique chez l’enseignante et ce que cela génère pour les élèves. Après un espace ludique partagé entre enseignant et élève, s’ensuit une aire d’expression, où les élèves sont invités à collaborer pour créer en petits groupes. Ces aires d’expression sont variées (art, scénographie, musique, expression corporelle, culture). Les productions des élèves constituent alors les supports d’apprentissage que l’enseignante exploite, grâce à sa propre créativité et son expertise

The role of credit officers in the performance of microcredit loans: evidence from Vivacred in Brazil’, available at: http://www.microfinancegateway.org/gm/document-1.9.41334/13.pdf

Abstract This paper studies the impact of credit officers on the performance of microcredit loans. We estimate a structural model of credit provision with costly verification state in which the ability of the credit officer is considered explicitly, using data from Vivacred -a Brazilian NGO. Our results suggest that (i) there is substantial heterogeneity among credit officers in the sample; (ii) the ability of credit officers has a measurable effect on the loan success; and (iii) the ability is correlated with experience

Credit to Women Entrepreneurs: The Curse of the Trustworthier Sex

Women entrepreneurs are known not only to reimburse loans swifter than men, but also to receive smaller loans. However, on average women have smaller-scope business projects and are poorer than men. A deeper investigation is thus required in order to assess the existence of gender discrimination in small-business lending. This is precisely the aim of this paper. Its contribution is twofold. Firstly, it proposes a new estimation method for assessing discrimination in loan allocation. This method operationalizes the theoretical “double standard” approach developed by Ferguson and Peters (1995, Journal of Finance). Secondly, this paper applies the new methodology to an exceptionally rich database from a Brazilian microfinance institution. The empirical results point to gender discrimination. Additionally, it is shown that reducing the information asymmetry through relationship brings no remedy to the curse of the trustworthier sex.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe